In gasoline/petrol engine the fuel mixes with air and prepare a mixture of air and fuel, in a proper ratio as per power required in the engine . This air fuel mixture compressed in compression stroke and ignites with help of spark. there are two type of system which generally we use to prepare the air fuel mixture in petrol engine. Carburetor and fuel injector, due to emission norms naw a days we use only fuel injectors only because it gives proper amount of fuel to minimize the exhaust of SOX NOX & CO into the atmosphere. Both are the devices used to make an air-fuel mixture and provide it to the engine. The output of both devices is the same but the way in which it came is different. Following are the differences between carburetor and fuel injector.
Carburetor
In carburetor the air and fuel mixed before entering into the cylinder . carburetor works on Bernoulli's theory, in suction stroke when air sucked, the fast movement of air creates vacuum in carburetor which allow the fuel to atomized and mix in to the air and prepare air fuel mixture
The carburetor contains jets that will push the gas into the combustion chambers. The amount of fuel that can flow through these jets depends completely on the amount of air that can be pulled into the carburetor venture. The main issue with obtaining the best performance using a carburetor is that it can’t monitor the air to fuel ratio for each individual cylinder. If there was a carburetor for each cylinder then this would not be an issue. So with a carburetor, the best fuel to air ratio for each cylinder is approximated for the best performance. However, carburetors do last longer than fuel injection systems and are favored in motorsports. Carburetors are also much simpler to install than fuel injection systems because there are no electrical components or return lines to the fuel tank. The carburetor is currently much less expensive than the electronic fuel injection systems.
Fuel Injection
Fuel injector is a system which is controlled by a electronic control unit and it inject a proper quantity of fuel into the air as calculated by the ECU
Fuel injection systems are becoming more popular for those wanting the best performance from their engines. There are two different versions of fuel injection – port fuel injection and direct injection. Port fuel injection is the most commonly used and direct fuel injection is the latest developed fuel injection system. This system was designed specifically for four or two-stroke engines. The main benefit to using direct injection is that the amount of fuel and air can be perfectly released and then injected into the cylinder according to the engine load conditions. The electronics used in the system will calculate this information and constantly adjust. This type of controlled fuel injection results in higher power output, greater fuel efficiency, and much lower emmision. One of the main issues is that these systems are sophisticated and will cost much more than a carburetor. Installation is more complicated as it uses an electrical component and custom cylinder head configuration..
Efficiency and Emissions reducing
The fuel consumption can be optimized to suit the performance of the engine in fuel injectors, which increasing the efficiency and reducing emissions whereas in carburetor fuel consumption cannot be optimized because of its working phenomena.
Carburetor Or Injector?
It is fairly obvious that most automobiles will be changing to fuel injection systems due to the lower emissions. However, unless the cost of these systems decreases significantly then there will still be a massive following that will stick to carburetors. When looking at pure horsepower, the fuel injection system only delivers about 10 extra horsepower at peak. It is the ability to constantly be tuning the fuel and air intake for each cylinder that increase the performance. The fuel injection systems are the best as they will decrease vibration and help to overcome steep grades that are traditional terrain for off-roading. Again, which one is best completely depends on where and how you’re driving.
MAINTENANCE
The maintenance of carburator is very easy in compared to injectors because it has only mechanical parts while the injectors are loaded with electronic instruments and electrical pumps. the age of carburetor is much higher than that of injector